Understanding Uterine Fibroids: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment Options

Uterine fibroids are non-cancerous growths that form within the muscular wall of the uterus. They develop when certain cells begin to grow and multiply more rapidly than normal. Although the exact cause of fibroids remains uncertain, researchers believe a combination of genetic factors, hormone levels—particularly estrogen and progesterone—and environmental influences contribute to their development.

For many women, fibroids cause no noticeable symptoms and may go undetected for years. However, when symptoms do occur, they can significantly affect daily life. Common signs include heavy or prolonged menstrual bleeding, a persistent feeling of pressure or fullness in the lower abdomen, frequent urination, difficulty completely emptying the bladder, constipation, and lower back pain. In some cases, excessive blood loss can lead to iron deficiency or anemia. Fibroids located near the opening of the uterus may also interfere with fertility, making it more difficult to conceive.

Fibroids are often diagnosed through imaging techniques such as ultrasound or MRI scans, which allow doctors to assess their size, number, and location.

Treatment varies depending on the severity of symptoms and whether a woman wishes to have children in the future. For those with mild or no symptoms, a "watch and wait" approach may be all that’s needed. In cases where treatment is necessary, options include medication to shrink fibroids or reduce bleeding, as well as minimally invasive procedures like uterine artery embolization, which blocks blood flow to the fibroids and causes them to shrink. For more serious cases, surgical options such as myomectomy (removal of fibroids) or hysterectomy (removal of the uterus) may be recommended.

The best course of action depends on individual circumstances. By recognizing symptoms early, having open conversations with your doctor, and considering your future fertility plans, you can choose the most appropriate treatment to manage fibroids effectively and maintain your overall health and quality of life.