What Is Acid Reflux? Causes, Symptoms, and How to Prevent GERD

Acid reflux, also known as gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) or heartburn, is a common digestive condition that occurs when stomach acid flows back into the esophagus, irritating the lining. This backward movement—called reflux—can cause discomfort and a burning sensation in the chest or throat, often mistaken for a heart attack.

What Are the Common Symptoms of Acid Reflux?

Recognizing the symptoms of acid reflux is key to proper treatment. The most frequent signs include:

• 🔥 Heartburn: A burning sensation in the chest or throat, especially after eating

• 😖 Sour or bitter taste in the mouth (regurgitation)

• 🗣️ Hoarseness or sore throat

• 😮‍💨 Coughing and wheezing, particularly at night

• 🛌 Worsened symptoms when lying down or bending over

Some individuals may confuse acid reflux symptoms with those of a cardiac event, making it important to consult a doctor if chest pain is severe or persistent.

What Causes Acid Reflux?

Acid reflux can affect people of all ages, from infants to adults. The condition occurs when the lower esophageal sphincter (LES)—the muscle that separates the stomach from the esophagus—fails to close properly, allowing acid to escape.

Common causes of acid reflux include:

• 🍔 Poor diet (spicy, fatty, or acidic foods)

• 🪑 Sedentary lifestyle

• ⚖️ Obesity or excess abdominal fat

• 🤰 Pregnancy, due to hormonal shifts and added pressure on the stomach

• 🍼 Infants, who commonly experience reflux as part of normal development

While babies often outgrow reflux by their first birthday, adults may need to address lifestyle factors to control symptoms.

Can Exercise Help Acid Reflux?

Contrary to popular belief, exercise does not typically relieve acid reflux symptoms. In fact, some physical activities—especially those involving bending or intense movement—can make symptoms worse. However, regular moderate exercise, paired with a healthy diet, can support overall digestion and weight management, helping reduce reflux episodes over time.

How to Treat and Prevent Acid Reflux

Managing acid reflux often starts with lifestyle changes and home remedies. Over-the-counter medications like antacids (e.g., Tums, Rolaids) may offer temporary relief, but long-term prevention is key to avoiding complications.

Top tips to manage acid reflux:

• 🥗 Eat smaller, more frequent meals

• ❌ Avoid trigger foods: spicy, fried, acidic, or caffeinated items

• 🛏️ Don’t lie down immediately after eating

• 🕒 Eat dinner at least 2–3 hours before bedtime

• 🚶 Maintain a healthy weight

• 🚭 Quit smoking, which weakens the LES

Complications of Untreated Acid Reflux

If left unmanaged, chronic acid reflux can lead to serious complications, such as:

• Esophagitis (inflammation of the esophagus)

• Barrett’s esophagus, a precancerous condition

• Chronic coughing or respiratory issues due to acid inhalation

• Difficulty swallowing (dysphagia)

Early treatment and prevention can significantly reduce the risk of these long-term effects.

Final Thoughts: Don’t Ignore the Signs of Acid Reflux

Acid reflux is more than just occasional heartburn—it’s a condition that can impact quality of life and lead to serious health problems if left untreated. By identifying your triggers, adjusting your diet, and seeking appropriate medical support, you can take control of your digestive health.