What Are Canker Sores?

Canker sores, unlike cold sores, do not occur on the surface of your lips, and they are not contagious. These painful mouth ulcers typically appear inside your mouth — under your tongue, on the soft tissue inside your cheeks or lips, at the base of your gums, or on your soft palate. Most canker sores are round or oval in shape with a white or yellow center surrounded by a red border.

There are two primary types of canker sores:

1. Simple Canker Sores: These occur 3-4 times a year and typically last for up to a week. Simple canker sores often develop in childhood or adolescence.

2. Complex Canker Sores: These are recurrent and can be unpredictable, often appearing multiple times in a person's life.

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Causes of Canker Sores

While the exact cause of canker sores is not entirely understood, several factors are thought to contribute to their development. Some common triggers include:

• Injury to the Mouth: This could be from accidentally biting the inside of your cheek, using a hard-bristled toothbrush, or other abrasions.

• Stress: Physical or emotional stress can weaken the immune system and trigger canker sores.

• Dietary Factors: Certain foods, such as citrus fruits, tomatoes, and chocolate, may irritate the mouth lining and contribute to canker sores in some people.

• Nutrient Deficiencies: Lack of essential nutrients like vitamin B12, iron, and folic acid can make the body more prone to developing mouth ulcers.

• Hormonal Changes: Some women report experiencing canker sores during hormonal fluctuations, such as those during menstruation.

• Underlying Health Conditions: Conditions like celiac disease, Crohn’s disease, and HIV/AIDS can make one more susceptible to frequent canker sores due to immune system issues.

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How to Speed Up the Healing Process

Though canker sores are usually self-limiting, there are several remedies and tips that can help heal them faster and ease the discomfort.

1. Salt Water Rinse: Dissolve 1 teaspoon of salt in 1/2 cup of warm water and rinse your mouth several times a day. The salt helps to dry out the sore and reduce swelling.

2. Baking Soda Paste: Mix baking soda with a little water to form a paste. Apply it directly to the sore to help neutralize acids in the mouth, which can reduce pain and promote healing.

3. Honey: Known for its natural antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties, honey can help soothe the sore. Apply a thin layer of honey on the canker sore before bed to promote healing and reduce inflammation.

4. Aloe Vera: Applying aloe vera gel directly to the sore can reduce pain and accelerate the healing process due to its soothing properties.

5. Over-the-Counter Gels and Ointments: There are several gels available that contain benzocaine or hydrocortisone. These can provide a numbing effect and help reduce the pain while the sore heals.

6. Avoid Irritating Foods: Stay away from spicy, acidic, or abrasive foods that can irritate the sore. Opt for soft foods and beverages that won’t further aggravate the ulcer.

7. Ice: Gently applying ice or a cold compress to the affected area can provide temporary relief from pain and inflammation.

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When to See a Doctor

Most canker sores will heal on their own without the need for medical intervention. However, you should seek medical advice if:

• The sore lasts more than two weeks.

• You experience severe pain or swelling.

• You develop a fever or other unusual symptoms.

• The sores become more frequent or are larger than usual.

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Canker sores are an uncomfortable but common condition, but understanding their causes and remedies can help you manage them effectively. By using home remedies and taking preventive measures, you can speed up the healing process and reduce the chances of them coming back.