Polymyalgia rheumatica is an inflammatory condition marked by stiffness and pain in the muscles and joints. It primarily affects the hips and shoulders, and its symptoms can either appear suddenly or develop gradually over a few days. This condition is uncommon in individuals under 50 and is most frequently seen in those over 65. While polymyalgia rheumatica is often mistaken for fibromyalgia due to similar muscle pain, the two differ in terms of their causes, symptoms, and treatments. Additionally, polymyalgia rheumatica is related to another inflammatory condition called giant cell arteritis. In this article, we’ll look at some key signs that may indicate the presence of polymyalgia rheumatica.

Shoulder Pain

The condition often begins with pain in the shoulders, which can make everyday tasks, like dressing or reaching for items, challenging. The pain is typically felt on both sides of the body and may worsen at night, making it difficult to sleep. In some cases, the pain extends into the upper arms, leading to a persistent and deep ache that does not subside.

Pain in the Neck, Buttocks, Thighs, Hips, and Upper Arms

While the pain usually starts in the shoulders, it can also affect other major muscle groups, including those in the hips, upper arms, buttocks, thighs, and neck. This pain can make it difficult to sit, bend, or rise from a seated position. It often intensifies after repetitive movements or following a period of inactivity.

Stiffness

A hallmark of polymyalgia rheumatica is a feeling of stiffness, especially in the morning or after periods of inactivity. Patients often describe their muscles as "locking up" after waking up, and this sensation can last for over an hour. Even sitting in the same position for an extended time can cause stiffness, making movement uncomfortable. Mild movements may offer some relief, but if left untreated, the condition can worsen and affect mobility.

Limited Range of Motion

If the stiffness is not addressed, it can lead to a limited range of motion. For example, you may experience pain in your shoulders when trying to raise your arms or extend them outward. It can also reduce hip mobility, making activities like standing up from a chair or climbing stairs difficult. Over time, people often unconsciously limit their movements to avoid pain, which can result in decreased flexibility and weaker muscles.

Knee, Elbow, and Wrist Pain

Although most people experience pain primarily in the shoulders and hips, some also report stiffness and pain in their knees, elbows, and wrists. These symptoms may resemble arthritis, but unlike rheumatoid arthritis, polymyalgia rheumatica typically does not cause joint damage or swelling. Pain in the wrists can make tasks like writing or typing difficult, while knee pain can make walking challenging. The joint pain is often accompanied by muscle aches, making movement even more difficult.

Other Symptoms of Polymyalgia Rheumatica

While pain and stiffness are the main symptoms of polymyalgia rheumatica, other signs can also appear. Inflammation may lead to a mild fever, and many people report feeling persistently tired. Some individuals experience a general sense of unwellness, with no obvious cause. Additionally, some may lose weight due to a decreased appetite, and depression can also develop, often as a result of mobility challenges.

The Bottom Line

As we age, our bodies become more vulnerable to various conditions, which often limit our mobility due to pain. Many individuals with polymyalgia rheumatica experience significant stiffness and pain that can make everyday activities difficult. If you or a loved one notice these signs—such as muscle stiffness in the shoulders and hips and joint pain in the knees and elbows—it’s important to consult a healthcare provider for a comprehensive evaluation. Untreated, this stiffness and pain can severely impact movement, lower the quality of life, and lead to depression.